ʿAbduh and Rida further accused Freemasons of conspiring with the Jews and French colonialists of weakening the pan-Islamic spirit:
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ʿAbduh and Rida further accused Freemasons of conspiring with the Jews and French colonialists of weakening the pan-Islamic spirit:
Text from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Captured 2026-08-17 from Wikipedia. The archived copy is preserved so this citation survives link rot.