“[he] is more than that. Indeed, he is a great man; he is the man who deserves to have the epithet applied to him.”
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Muhammad Abduh
Muḥammad ʿAbduh was an Egyptian Islamic scholar, judge, and Grand Mufti of Egypt. He was a central figure of the Arab Nahḍa and Islamic Modernism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
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culture · Egyptian jurist and theologian (1849–1905) · jurist · theologian · judge · opinion journalist · politician · lawyer · writer · philosopher · journal editor · journalist · also Muhammad Abduh, Muhammad abdu, Abduh
Born 1 January 1849 · Died 11 July 1905 · Q311826
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2026· 1 entry
1905· 1 entry
Died 1905-07-11.
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1903· 2 entries
ʿAbduh and Rida further accused Freemasons of conspiring with the Jews and French colonialists of weakening the pan-Islamic spirit:
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The Ottoman sultan Abdul Hamid II would restate and disseminate the anti-Semitic and anti-Masonic accusations formulated by ʿAbduh and Rida against the Jews and Freemasons as part of the Ottoman propaganda campaign again
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1900· 1 entry
Founded The Society for the Revival of Arabic Literature
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1899· 2 entries
Career landmark: Grand Mufti of Egypt (1899–1905).
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Was appointed Grand Mufti of Egypt, the highest Islamic title, and he held this position until he died
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1891· 1 entry
Became a consultative member of the Court of Appeal
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1888· 2 entries
ʿAbduh began his legal career
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A consultative member of the Court of Appeal in 1899, and he was appointed Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah in 1899
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1885· 1 entry
After brief stays in England and Tunisia, he returned to Beirut as a teacher, and was surrounded by scholars from different religious backgrounds
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1884· 1 entry
Moved to Paris in France, where he joined al-Afghānī in publishing al-ʿUrwa al-Wuthqā, an Islamic revolutionary journal that promoted anti-British views
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1882· 1 entry
For six years, for supporting the Egyptian nationalist ʻUrabi revolt led by Ahmed ʻUrabi in 1879
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1879· 2 entries
When some Muslim mobs had misguidedly attacked a number of Copts resulting from their anger towards European colonialism
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Due to his political activism, al-Afghānī was exiled and ʿAbduh was exiled to his home village
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1878· 1 entry
Was appointed professor of history at Cairo's teachers' training college Dar al-ʿUlūm, later incorporated into Cairo University
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1877· 1 entry
ʿAbduh was granted the degree of ʿālim ("teacher") and he started to teach logic, Islamic theology, and ethics at al-Azhar University
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1866· 2 entries
ʿAbduh enrolled at al-Azhar University in Cairo, where he studied logic, Islamic philosophy, theology, and Sufism
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“On the seventh day, I asked the shaykh: What is your tarîqâh? He replied: Islam is my tarıqa. I asked: But are not all these people Muslims? He said: If they were Muslims, you would not see them contending over trivial matters and would not hear them swearing by God while they are lying with or without a reason. These words were like fire which burned away all that I held dear of the baggage from the past.”
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1849· 2 entries
To a father with Turkish ancestry and an Egyptian mother in the Nile Delta
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Born 1849-01-01.
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