“s independence, acknowledging in Article 1 that it was a single colony of the French Empire. Article 3 of the constitution states:”
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Toussaint Louverture
François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture, also known as Toussaint L'Ouverture or Toussaint Bréda, was a Haitian general and the most prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution. During his life, Louverture first fought and allied with Spanish forces against Saint-Domingue Royalists, then joined with Republican France, becoming Governor-General-for-life of Saint-Domingue, and lastly fought against Bo…
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politics · Haitian general and revolutionary (1744–1803) · politician · military personnel · governor · freedom fighter · revolutionary · also Toussaint Louverture, François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture, Toussaint L'Ouverture, Toussaint Bréda, Napoléon Noir, Black Spartacus
Born 20 May 1743 · Died 7 April 1803 · Q205783
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2026· 2 entries
“the blacks wanted to serve under a king and the Spanish king offered his protection.”
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2025· 1 entry
insider.si.edu: Toussaint Louverture : a revolutionary life / Philippe Girard
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2023· 1 entry
The Guardian: Poem of the week: To Toussaint Louverture by William Wordsworth
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2020· 1 entry
The Africa Report: Haiti’s ‘Black Spartacus’: Toussaint Louverture and abolishing slavery
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2016· 2 entries
Foreign Affairs: Toussaint Louverture: A Revolutionary Life
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New Republic: Giving Toussaint Louverture the Great Man Treatment
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2013· 1 entry
Green Left Weekly: Toussaint Louverture brought to life in play, book
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1862· 1 entry
During the American Civil War; the decision marked a significant reversal of decades of U
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1831· 1 entry
Placide married Joséphine de Lacaze, heiress to the Château du Parc (in Astaffort, near Agen), with whom he had three children, Armand, Joseph and Rose (1823–1900)
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1825· 1 entry
After twenty one years of Haiti's independence, France recognized the Haitian sovereignty, but only after forcing the new nation to agree to pay an indemnity of 150 million gold francs
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1816· 1 entry
His wife, Suzanne, underwent torture from French soldiers until Toussaint's death, and was deported to Jamaica, where she died on 19 May 1816, in the arms of their surviving sons, Placide and Isaac.
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1804· 1 entry
Declared himself emperor, and renamed the nation "Ayiti" after the indigenous Taíno name
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1803· 1 entry
Died 1803-04-07.
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1802· 1 entry
Louverture was invited to a parley by French Divisional General Jean-Baptiste Brunet, but was arrested upon his arrival
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1801· 1 entry
That named him as Governor-General for Life, which challenged Napoleon Bonaparte's authority
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1743· 1 entry
Born 1743-05-20.
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