“histoire (Answer to History). It was translated from the original French into English, Persian (as Pasokh be Tarikh), and other languages. However, he had already died by the time of its publication. The book is Mohammad Reza”
- #wikipedia
- #quote
Figure timeline
Mohammad Reza I of Iran
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was the last Shah of Iran, reigning from 1941 to 1979. He succeeded his father Reza Shah and ruled the Imperial State of Iran until he was overthrown in the Islamic Revolution led by Ruhollah Khomeini, which abolished the Iranian monarchy to establish the Islamic Republic of Iran. In 1967, he took the title Shahanshah, and held several others, including Aryamehr and Bozorg Arteshtaran. He was the second and last ruling monarch of the Pahlavi dynasty.
politics · Shah of Iran from 1941 to 1979 · also Mohammad Reza I of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Mohammad Rezā Shāh Pahlavī, Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran Moḥammad Rezā Shāh, Shah of Iran Muhammed Reza Pahlavi
Born 26 October 1919 · Died 27 July 1980 · Q128245
82 published statements · 0 followers
Updated 1 day agoSee & hear
Photos & media
14 photos · 3 audio
Listen
1959-11-02 Iran
En-Reza Pahlavi
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi voice (english - on energy in Iran)
Media from Wikimedia Commons, hotlinked at the source under its own licence — see each file for author and terms.
Live now
In the news
Unverified headlines, straight from trusted outlets’ feeds
Checking the wires…
These are live links, not archived citations — they only join the timeline once a collect run verifies and archives them.
Connections
Related figures
Live pulse
Recent highlights
Most recent outstanding titles, awards, and quotes
- Quote
- Quote
- Quote
I have known the most dark hours when our country was obliged to pass under the tutelage of foreign powers, amongst them England. Now I find that England has not only become our friend, our equal, but also the nation to which, should we be able, we will render assistance with pleasure,
- Quote
- Quote
- Quote
202611 items
“the most unjust thing that I have heard,”
- #wikipedia
- #quote
“I have known the most dark hours when our country was obliged to pass under the tutelage of foreign powers, amongst them England. Now I find that England has not only become our friend, our equal, but also the nation to which, should we be able, we will render assistance with pleasure,”
- #wikipedia
- #quote
“s obsession with flying reflected an Icarus complex, also known as”
- #wikipedia
- #quote
The Guardian: South Korean airport becomes busiest in world for global traffic amid Iran war
- #news
- #headline
Modern Ghana: 'Iran: The Making of a War' Al Jazeera Documentary Traces Seven Decades of Rivalry Behind Today's Dangerous Confrontation
- #news
- #headline
The Guardian: Bluster and backdown have turned Iran war into Trump’s own Groundhog Day
- #news
- #headline
Snopes.com rated the claim “A photo authentically shows Laura Loomer attending a private birthday party for Reza Pahlavi, Iran's exiled crown prince.” Originated as Satire.
Shown as reported and rated by a fact checker, not as an established fact.
- #fact-check
- #rated
- #claim-about-figure
The Guardian: An ideological tug-of-war: the pressures facing Iran’s World Cup squad in US
- #news
- #headline
The Guardian: JD Vance’s key role in Iran talks presents him with a thorny predicament
- #news
- #headline
The Guardian: ‘We wasted a lot of lives’: CIA spymaster’s caution over past Iran intervention resurfaces from beyond the grave
- #news
- #headline
20101 item
Dollars, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi improved the country's per-capita GDP to $10,261, the highest at any point in Iran's history
- #wikipedia
- #event
20011 item
At the age of 69 in Paris, an auction of the possessions included a three-million-dollar Paris estate, a 22
- #wikipedia
- #event
19821 item
That because of the Vietnam War, it was not politically possible in the 1970s for the United States to fight a major war: "There was no possibility of assigning any American forces to the Indian Ocean in the midst of the
- #wikipedia
- #event
198016 items
Died 1980-07-27.
- #wikidata
- #death
“Nixon is a strong leader with a good grasp of the world's problems. He knows that the only way to argue with the communists is from a position of strength.”
- #wikiquote
- #saying
- #undated
- #lang:en
- #lang:it
- #multi-edition
“Nixon would like to consign us to to the level of the most backward countries in the whole Middle East. Why lower us to the standard of the Saudis rather than raising the Saudis to meet us?”
- #wikiquote
- #saying
- #undated
- #lang:en
- #lang:it
- #multi-edition
“What's happened recently in Pakistan, India and Kuwait only goes to show that it's futile to imitate Western democracy. They've ended up exactly where they started.”
- #wikiquote
- #saying
- #undated
- #lang:en
- #lang:it
- #multi-edition
“Soviet propaganda is remarkably effective and the Americans are even more remarkably stupid.”
- #wikiquote
- #saying
- #undated
- #lang:en
- #lang:it
- #multi-edition
“To be first in the Middle East is not enough. We must raise ourselves to the level of a great world power.”
- #wikiquote
- #saying
- #undated
- #lang:en
- #lang:it
- #multi-edition
“... the Saudis have never shown any respect for human rights, either now or in the past. Even a petty burglar faces having one of his hands chopped off. The liberal press in America prefers to ignore all this, although they don't hesitate to blacken the reputation of Iran.”
- #wikiquote
- #saying
- #undated
- #lang:en
- #lang:it
- #multi-edition
“I have learned by experience that a tragic end awaits anyone who dares cross swords with me; Nasser is no more, John and Robert Kennedy died at the hands of assassins, their brother Edward has been disgraced, Krushchev was toppled, the list is endless.”
- #wikiquote
- #saying
- #undated
- #lang:en
- #lang:it
- #multi-edition
“The great powers claim that whatever they possess is theirs by right, but whatever we, the smaller countries possess is negotiable.”
- #wikiquote
- #saying
- #undated
- #lang:en
- #lang:it
- #multi-edition
“The Times and the Guardian accuse us of operating a police-state. The BBC Persian programme has made similair allegations, saying that countries such as Iran and Saudi Arabia should be denied access to Western military technology. What are the bloody fools on about? Do they seriously regard Iraq, or Algeria, or Libya as liberal regimes?”
- #wikiquote
- #saying
- #undated
- #lang:en
- #lang:it
- #multi-edition
“How can you hope to build up a nation by fragmenting its politics into opposing camps? Whatever one group builds, the other will endeavour to destroy.”
- #wikiquote
- #saying
- #undated
- #lang:en
- #lang:it
- #multi-edition
“I want the standard of living in Iran in ten years' time to be exactly on a level with that in Europe today. In twenty years' time we shall be ahead of the United States.”
- #wikiquote
- #saying
- #undated
- #lang:en
- #lang:it
- #multi-edition
“We may be delighted to see Israel putting the Arabs in their place, but we have repeatedly condemned their occupation of Arab territory.”
- #wikiquote
- #saying
- #undated
- #lang:en
- #lang:it
- #multi-edition
“Muslim brothers be damned; they're our greatest enemies. You know yourself that I'm a Muslim, even a fanatical Muslim. But that does nothing to alter my opinion of the Arabs.”
- #wikiquote
- #saying
- #undated
- #lang:en
- #lang:it
- #multi-edition
“Thank God we in Iran have neither the desire nor the need to suffer from democracy.”
- #wikiquote
- #saying
- #undated
- #lang:en
- #lang:it
- #multi-edition
“For all its apparent tolerance, the USA maintains a peculiar balance between the forces of capitalism and democracy. To achieve this I feel sure the country is guided by some hidden force; an organization working in secrecy, powerful enough to dispose of the Kennedys and of anyone else who gets in its way.”
- #wikiquote
- #saying
- #undated
- #lang:en
- #lang:it
- #multi-edition
19792 items
A best-selling book was published by the new regime, Ernest Perron, the Husband of the Shah of Iran, by Mohammad Pourkian, alleging a homosexual relationship between the Shah and Perron
- #wikipedia
- #event
Removed the Shah's stabilizing efforts, leading to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the destabilization of Pakistani politics, the emergence of Saudi Arabia as a major oil power, the rise of Saddam Hussein and Ba'athi
- #wikipedia
- #event
19771 item
Saw the Shah as a troublesome ally and sought change in Iran's political system
- #wikipedia
- #event
19764 items
Iran saw its largest-ever GDP uptick, largely thanks to the Shah's economic policies
- #wikipedia
- #event
A pulp novel by Alan Williams was published in the United States under the title A Bullet for the Shah: All They Had To Do Was Kill the World's Most Powerful Man, whose sub-title reveals much about how the American peopl
- #wikipedia
- #event
Mohammad Reza told the Egyptian journalist Mohamed Hassanein Heikal in an interview: "I want the standard of living in Iran in ten years' time to be exactly on a level with that in Europe today
- #wikipedia
- #event
“I want the standard of living in Iran in ten years”
- #wikipedia
- #quote
19753 items
Both the British Prime Minister Harold Wilson and the French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing made pleading phone calls to Mohammad Reza asking him for loans, which ultimately led the Shah to give a US$1 billion loan t
- #wikipedia
- #event
US Vice President Nelson Rockefeller declared in a speech: "We must take His Imperial Majesty to the United States for a couple of years so that he can teach us how to run a country
- #wikipedia
- #event
The countries signed the Algiers Accord, which granted Iran equal navigation rights in the Shatt al-Arab as the thalweg was now the new border, while Mohammad Reza agreed to end his support for Iraqi Kurdish rebels
- #wikipedia
- #event
19743 items
During the oil crisis, the Shah began an atomic nuclear energy policy, prompting US Trade Administrator William E
- #wikipedia
- #event
“I would like you to know that in our case, our actions are not just to take vengeance on the West. As I said, we are going to be a member of your club”
- #wikipedia
- #quote
$16 billion was spent on building new schools and hospitals
- #wikipedia
- #event
19733 items
The Shah initiated an oil price hike with his control of OPEC further demonstrating the US no longer had influence over Iranian foreign and economic policies
- #wikipedia
- #event
And 40% the next year, and GNI expanded 50% in the next year
- #wikipedia
- #event
Alam blamed the prime minister Amir Abbas Hoveyda, while the Shah thought it was the KGB
- #wikipedia
- #event
19713 items
“World events were such that we were compelled to accept the fact that [the] sea adjoining the Oman Sea—I mean the Indian Ocean—does not recognise borders. As for Iran”
- #wikipedia
- #quote
The Shah had an elaborate fireworks show intended to send a dual message; that Iran was still faithful to its ancient traditions and that Iran had transcended its past to become a modern nation, that Iran was not "stuck
- #wikipedia
- #event
Mohammad Reza told a journalist: "World events were such that we were compelled to accept the fact that [the] sea adjoining the Oman Sea—I mean the Indian Ocean—does not recognise borders
- #wikipedia
- #event
19701 item
Mohammad Reza formed an unlikely alliance with the militantly left-wing regime of Colonel Muammar Gaddafi of Libya, as both leaders wanted higher oil prices for their nations, leading Iran and Libya to join forces to pre
- #wikipedia
- #event
19634 items
And 1964, nationwide demonstrations against Mohammad Reza's rule took place all over Iran, with the centre of the unrest being the holy city of Qom
- #wikipedia
- #event
Allowed women to vote, with the Ayatollah Khomeini saying in his sermons that the fate of Iran should never be allowed to be decided by women
- #wikipedia
- #event
Mohammad Reza Shah introduced the White Revolution, a series of reforms aimed at transforming Iran into a global power and modernizing the nation by nationalizing key industries and redistributing land
- #wikipedia
- #event
Mohammad Reza launched the White Revolution, a series of far-reaching reforms, which caused much opposition from the religious scholars
- #wikipedia
- #event
19621 item
When the Shah changed the local laws to allow Iranian Jews, Christians, Zoroastrians, and Baháʼí to take the oath of office for municipal councils using their holy books instead of the Koran
- #wikipedia
- #event
19614 items
And as the best friend of Mohammad Reza, was a man of considerable behind-the-scenes power
- #wikipedia
- #event
Bakhtiar was dismissed as chief of SAVAK and expelled from Iran in 1962 following a clash between demonstrating university students and the army on 21 January 1962 that left three dead
- #wikipedia
- #event
Defended his style of rule, saying, "When Iranians learn to behave like Swedes, I will behave like the King of Sweden
- #wikipedia
- #event
The Francophile Mohammad Reza visited Paris to meet his favourite leader, General Charles de Gaulle of France
- #wikipedia
- #event
19592 items
And Queen Farah was crowned Shahbanu, or Empress, a title created specifically for her in 1967
- #wikipedia
- #event
When a British company won a contract with the Iranian government that was suddenly cancelled and given to Siemens instead
- #wikipedia
- #event
19581 item
When it became apparent that, even with help from medical doctors, she could not bear children
- #wikipedia
- #event
19571 item
61 percent in 1958, and 32 percent in 1959 (Central Bank of Iran, Annual Report, 1960 and 1961)
- #wikipedia
- #event
19553 items
Mohammad Reza dismissed General Zahedi from his position as prime minister and appointed his archenemy, the technocrat Hossein Ala' as prime minister, whom he in turn dismissed in 1957
- #wikipedia
- #event
Mohammad Reza began to quietly cultivate left-wing intellectuals, many of whom had supported the National Front and some of whom were associated with the banned Tudeh party, asking them for advice about how best to refor
- #wikipedia
- #event
And bringing in a law banning the Baháʼí from gathering together in groups
- #wikipedia
- #event
19542 items
That Reza Khan "must have been spinning in his grave at Rey
- #wikipedia
- #event
When twelve university professors issued a public statement criticising the 1953 coup, all were dismissed from their jobs, but in the first of his many acts of "magnanimity" towards the National Front, Mohammad Reza inte
- #wikipedia
- #event
19531 item
And rather liked, and according to the diary of his best friend Asadollah Alam, Mohammad Reza contributed money to the 1960 Nixon campaign
- #wikipedia
- #event
19431 item
The Shah was humiliated when he met Joseph Stalin, who visited him in the Marble Palace but did not allow the Shah's bodyguards to be present, with the Red Army alone guarding them
- #wikipedia
- #event
19421 item
Mohammad Reza met Wendell Willkie, the Republican candidate for the US presidency in the 1940 election who was now on a world tour to promote his "one world" policy
- #wikipedia
- #event
19413 items
Was to ensure political stability to ensure Allied supplies, which meant accepting Mohammad Reza's ascension to the throne
- #wikipedia
- #event
Nazi Germany began Operation Barbarossa and invaded the Soviet Union, breaking the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
- #wikipedia
- #event
In fact, he almost airbrushed his father out of history during his reign, to the point of implying the House of Pahlavi began its rule in 1941 rather than 1925.
- #wikipedia
- #life
- #family
19362 items
If he believed Perron was his son's lover
- #wikipedia
- #event
Brought Perron back with him, installing his best friend in the Marble Palace
- #wikipedia
- #event
19351 item
And 1936, Mohammad Reza praised Le Rosey for broadening his mind and introducing him to European civilisation
- #wikipedia
- #event
19331 item
One which compromised the country's ability to receive more favourable returns from oil extracted from the country
- #wikipedia
- #event
19212 items
And making himself shah in 1925 – Mohammad Reza was keen to gain the approval of the older royal families of the world, and was prepared to spend large sums of money to gain that social acceptance
- #wikipedia
- #event
And deposed the last Qajar shah in 1925, and his major concern in the years 1953–55 was to neutralise Zahedi
- #wikipedia
- #event
19192 items
Born 1919-10-26.
- #wikidata
- #birth
With the birth of his son, who was dubbed khoshghadam ("bird of good omen")
- #wikipedia
- #event