“that is using palliatives, it”
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John Maynard Keynes
John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes, was an English economist whose writings are considered the basis for the school of thought known as Keynesian economics, as well as its various offshoots. Originally trained in mathematics, he built on and refined earlier work on the causes of business cycles. His ideas, further developed after his death as New Keynesianism, are seen as foundational to mainstream macroeconomics. He has been referred to as the "father of macroeconomics" and is considered one of the most influential economists of the 20th century.
business · British economist (1883–1946) · economist · mathematician · politician · philosopher · professor · diplomat · non-fiction writer · businessperson · author · opinion journalist · also John Maynard Keynes, Lord Keynes, Baron Keynes of Tilton, John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes, Keynes
Born 5 June 1883 · Died 21 April 1946 · Q9317
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20268 items
“the youth had no religion save communism and this was worse than nothing.”
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“s Council of Economic Advisers:”
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“s ideas were diluted by those keen to compromise with classical economists or to render his concepts with mathematical models like the IS–LM model (which, they argue, distort Keynes”
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“applications of this theory to practice”
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“s Law by asking what would happen if the money that is being given to individuals is not finding its way back into the economy and is saved instead. He suggested the result would be a recession. To tackle the fear of a recession Say”
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매일경제: From the family of John Maynard Keynes, the father of macroeconomics, came an economic columnist who..
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The Guardian: From Bloomsbury to Whitehall: new play reimagines life of John Maynard Keynes
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20151 item
“Amartya Sen wins John Maynard Keynes Prize”
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20121 item
“Revenge of the Reality-Based Community”
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20092 items
“What Is Living and What Is Dead in Social Democracy?”
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“An Enjoyable Life Puzzling Over Modern Finance Theory”
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20031 item
“The Zero Bound on Interest Rates and Optimal Monetary Policy”
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19992 items
It reported that "his radical idea that governments should spend money they don't have may have saved capitalism"
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“Reflections on japanese political economy”
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19961 item
“Keynes Was a Sophist, and a Good Thing, Too”
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19921 item
Alan Blinder wrote about a "Keynesian Restoration", as work based on Keynes's ideas had to some extent become fashionable once again in academia, though in the mainstream it was highly synthesised with monetarism and oth
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19901 item
“On Interpreting Keynes: A Study in Reconciliation”
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19841 item
The Federal Reserve officially discarded monetarism, after which Keynesian principles made a partial comeback as an influence on policy-making
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19811 item
Keynes had no children, and his wife outlived him by 35 years, dying in 1981.
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19791 item
But forces had begun to gather against Keynes's ideas over 30 years earlier
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19721 item
“John Maynard Keynes: Economist, Author, Statesman”
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19711 item
With the increasing influence of monetarist schools of thought in the 1980s, and particularly in the face of large sustained trade imbalances, these concerns – and particularly concerns about the destabilising effects of
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19681 item
Milton Friedman published a paper arguing that the fixed relationship implied by the Phillips curve did not exist
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19641 item
“Comment on my 1936 review of Keynes' general theory.”
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19531 item
“An open letter from a Keynesian to a Marxist”
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With the explicit intention of nurturing intellectual currents to one day displace Keynesianism and other similar influences
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194617 items
Died 1946-04-21.
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“Mogę ulegać wpływom tego, co wydaje mi się sprawiedliwe i rozsądne, lecz w walce klas stanę po stronie wykształconej burżuazji.”
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“Głosy, które – przy takiej koniunkturze – mówią nam, że ścieżką wyjścia z kryzysu jest restrykcyjne gospodarowanie i powstrzymywanie się, gdy tylko można, od wykorzystywania globalnego potencjału produkcji, to głosy idiotów i szaleńców.”
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Schumpeter's obituary gave Keynes this same off-key, perfunctory treatment he would later give Adam Smith in the History of Economic Analysis, the 'discredit of not adding a single innovation to the techniques of economi
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“Opis: cytat przypisywany.”
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“Opis: o świecie globalizacji utraconym w wyniku I wojny światowej.”
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“Idee głoszone przez ekonomistów oraz myślicieli politycznych, bez względu na to, czy są słuszne, czy błędne, mają większą siłę, niż się powszechnie przypuszcza.”
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“Capitalism is the astounding belief that the most wickedest of men will do the most wickedest of things for the greatest good of everyone.”
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“Ludzie praktyki są bardzo czuli na to, co zwykli nazywać stanem zaufania, i przywiązują do tego dużą wagę. Ale ekonomiści nie poddawali tego problemu starannej analizie…”
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“Marxism "was founded upon nothing better than a misunderstanding of Ricardo”
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“Jedynym środkiem zapewniającym przybliżenie się do stanu pełnego zatrudnienia okaże się uspołecznienie inwestycji w dość szerokim zakresie (…).”
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His net worth stood just short of £500,000 – equivalent to £24,000,000 in 2024
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“Keynes once remarked that "the youth had no religion save communism and this was worse than nothing.”
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“International investment always has been and always should be defaulted. (ang.)”
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“Do pieniędzy przywiązujemy tak wielką wagę dlatego, że są łącznikiem pomiędzy teraźniejszością a przyszłością.”
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Keynes told Henry Clay, a professor of social economics and advisor to the Bank of England, of his hopes that Adam Smith's "invisible hand" could help Britain out of the economic hole it was in: "I find myself more and m
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Keynes suffered a series of heart attacks, which ultimately proved fatal
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19451 item
Awarded doctor honoris causa from the University of Paris (1945).
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19421 item
Career landmark: member of the House of Lords (1942–1946).
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19402 items
“Opis: fragment artykułu z 29 lipca 1940 dla „New Republic” przedstawiającego polityczne nadzieje związane z powojennym społeczeństwem.”
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That the war effort should be largely financed by higher taxation and especially by compulsory saving (essentially workers lending money to the government), rather than deficit spending, to avoid inflation
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19392 items
But for the rest of his life his professional energies were directed largely towards the practical side of economics: the problems of ensuring optimum allocation of resources for the war efforts, post-war negotiations wi
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Keynes had the option to enter Parliament as an independent MP with the University of Cambridge seat
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19383 items
And, twenty years earlier, to secure his release as a prisoner-of-war in Italy in 1918
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“Opis: w liście do Roya Harroda z 4 lipca 1938.”
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Described as "still my religion under the surface"
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19372 items
“the most important, significant and, I would add, genuine branch of sociology which exists.”
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Requiring him to take long periods of rest
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After which the two men spoke highly of each other
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19333 items
Awarded Fellow of the Econometric Society (1933).
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Keynes published The Means to Prosperity, which contained specific policy recommendations for tackling unemployment in a global recession, chiefly counter-cyclical public spending
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“Opis: fragment referatu wygłoszonego w 1933 w Dublinie.”
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19322 items
Became vice-chairman of the Marie Stopes Society, which provided birth control education
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In an article entitled The Pro- and Anti-Tariffs, published in The Listener, he envisaged the protection of farmers and certain sectors such as the automobile and iron and steel industries, considering them indispensable
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19313 items
Keynes had the following to say on Leninism:
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Received considerable support for his views on counter-cyclical public spending in Chicago, then America's foremost centre for economic views alternative to the mainstream
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Friedrich Hayek extensively critiqued Keynes's 1930 Treatise on Money
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19302 items
“Morally and philosophically I find myself in agreement with virtually the whole of it.”
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“Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren”
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19291 item
“Przed rokiem 1929 rezerwy amerykańskich firm były tak wielkie, że już choćby to jedno mogło prawdopodobnie wywołać kryzys.”
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19261 item
“time may arrive a little later when the community as a whole must pay attention to the innate quality as well as to the mere numbers of its future members.”
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19257 items
With Keynes's former lover Duncan Grant as best man
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“the class war will find me on the side of the educated bourgeoisie.”
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“The Economic Consequences of Mr. Churchill”
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At pre-war valuation by reference to the wholesale price index
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Keynes said "the class war will find me on the side of the educated bourgeoisie
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Were able to convince the then Chancellor Winston Churchill to re-establish it, which had a depressing effect on British industry
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They were married in 1925, with Keynes's former lover Duncan Grant as best man. "What a marriage of beauty and brains, the fair Lopokova and John Maynard Keynes" was said at the time.
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19242 items
Keynes wrote an obituary for his former tutor Alfred Marshall which Joseph Schumpeter called "the most brilliant life of a man of science I have ever read"
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“the most brilliant life of a man of science I have ever read”
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19232 items
– a trenchant argument that countries should target stability of domestic prices, avoiding deflation even at the cost of allowing their currency to depreciate
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“Social Consequences of Changes in The Value of Money”
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19221 item
Keynes continued to advocate reduction of German reparations with A Revision of the Treaty
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19212 items
In 1921, Keynes wrote that he had fallen "very much in love" with Lydia Lopokova, a well-known Russian ballerina and one of the stars of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes.
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Keynes wrote that he had fallen "very much in love" with Lydia Lopokova, a well-known Russian ballerina and one of the stars of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes
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19191 item
And served as chairman from 1921 to 1938
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19161 item
Applied for exemption as a conscientious objector, which was effectively granted conditional upon continuing his government work
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19141 item
Keynes travelled to London at the government's request a few days before hostilities started
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19112 items
To serving as director of the British Eugenics Society from 1937 to 1944
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Keynes was made the editor of The Economic Journal
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19091 item
Awarded Adam Smith Prize (1909).
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19081 item
The artist Duncan Grant has been described as "the supreme male love of Keynes's life", and their sexual relationship lasted from 1908 to 1915.
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19062 items
In 1906, Keynes had written of this infatuation that, "I seem to have fallen in love with Ray a little bit, but as she isn't male I haven't [been] able to think of any suitable steps to take."
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Keynes had written of this infatuation that, "I seem to have fallen in love with Ray a little bit, but as she isn't male I haven't [been] able to think of any suitable steps to take
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19051 item
Studied at King's College (1902–1905).
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19021 item
Keynes left Eton for King's College, Cambridge, after receiving a scholarship for this also, to read mathematics
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19011 item
Keynes was open about his affairs, and from 1901 to 1915 kept separate diaries in which he tabulated his many sexual encounters.
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19005 items
Awarded Companion of the Order of the Bath.
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Awarded Fellow of the British Academy.
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Studied at St Faith's School.
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Studied at Eton College.
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Studied at University of Cambridge.
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18971 item
Keynes won a King's Scholarship to Eton College, where he displayed talent in a wide range of subjects, particularly mathematics, classics and history; in 1901, he was awarded the Tomline Prize for mathematics
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18961 item
St Faith's headmaster, Ralph Goodchild, wrote that Keynes was "head and shoulders above all the other boys in the school" and was confident that Keynes could get a scholarship to Eton
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18851 item
And Geoffrey Keynes in 1887
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18831 item
Born 1883-06-05.
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